{"id":4618,"date":"2015-10-06T22:01:31","date_gmt":"2015-10-06T15:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/snt.com.vn\/blog\/?p=4618"},"modified":"2017-04-11T08:21:58","modified_gmt":"2017-04-11T01:21:58","slug":"dieu-che-qam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snt.com.vn\/blog\/dieu-che-qam\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\tTín hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n hình, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i và yêu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i biên \u0111\u1ed9 tín hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t 60 dBV, MER > 32dBm… V\u1edbi s\u1ef1  tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a công ngh\u1ec7, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng máy \u0111o ki\u1ec3m v\u1edbi  m\u1ed9t vài thao tác \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ta có th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp thông s\u1ed1 tín hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n ngày m\u1ed9t chính xác v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng QAM là gì, MER là gì, nh\u1eefng thông s\u1ed1 này có ý ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nào thì nhi\u1ec1u khi ta l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qua và không th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u rõ v\u1ec1 chúng. Bài vi\u1ebft này s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i \u0111áp  \u0111i\u1ec1u này.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tQAM, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef không xa l\u1ea1. QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation –  \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf biên \u0111\u1ed9 vuông góc)  là ph\u01b0\u01a1ng pháp \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf d\u1ef1a trên vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha và biên \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a sóng mang. T\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu, quá trình gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tín hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n d\u1ef1a trên biên \u0111\u1ed9 và pha c\u1ee7a hai sóng sin, cos nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf cùng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1.  Các b\u1eadc biên \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua hai thông s\u1ed1 I, Q  và \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 hình sao.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"<\/a>Gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 hình sao c\u1ee7a QAM 16.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\tQAM–N, v\u1edbi N= 2^M (M là s\u1ed1 bit dùng \u0111\u1ec3 mã hóa cho 1 v\u1ecb trí trong gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 hình sao). Ta có QAM 4, QAM 8, QAM 16, QAM 64, QAM 128…. QAM 1024. V\u1edbi tín hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n hình n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay, ta ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM 64. Ta s\u1ebd \u0111i sâu phân tích ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM 64 và dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nó.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tMER (Modulation Error Ratio) là thông s\u1ed1 \u0111ánh giá ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi QAM:\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTrong \u0111ó :           -Tarlet Symbol là biên \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t-Transmtted là biên \u0111\u1ed9 trung bình c\u1ee7a các \u0111i\u1ec3m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\tVà, MER tính theo dB :\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tCho th\u1ea5y, chênh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa trung bình c\u1ed9ng các \u0111i\u1ec3m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n là càng l\u1edbn thì t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i càng cao.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\"\"<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\tVà \u0111ây là b\u1ea3ng kê \u0111ánh giá :\"\"<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\tTh\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: v\u1edbi tín hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n hình QAM 64 Thì thông s\u1ed1 MER cho phép luôn \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eeb 32dB tr\u1edf lên.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tXét \u0111\u1ebfn dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM cho tín hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n hình. Ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM 64.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tKhi \u0111ó, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng là . V\u1eady M=6.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTa \u0111ang s\u1eed  d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng thông 8Mhz\/Kênh.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTheo phân tích ph\u1ed5 khi tính t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u0103ng thông Nyquist v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh tín hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf thì h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1  trong  \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf  DVB-C là r=0,15:\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTa tính \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: S(max)=8.M\/(1+r)=8.6\/(1+0.15)=41,736 Mbps\n<\/p>\n

\n\tL\u01b0\u1ee3ng Bit-rate th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ta có th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi qua di\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM:\n<\/p>\n

\n\tS(use)=S(max).188\/204=38,3625 Mbps\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM 64, ta ch\u1ec9 có th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a 38.4625Mbps mà thôi. Khi truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i các kênh truy\u1ec1n hình, c\u1ea7n chú ý dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a QAM mà tính toán chèn ghép, phân ph\u1ed1i b\u1ed1 trí các kênh cho phù h\u1ee3p.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tín hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n hình, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i và yêu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i biên \u0111\u1ed9 tín hi\u1ec7u<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5123,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,83],"tags":[358],"yoast_head":"\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM - Blog SNT - C\u00f4ng Ty TNHH Si\u00eau Nh\u1eadt Thanh - Sao Nhanh Th\u1ebf<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/snt.com.vn\/blog\/dieu-che-qam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM - Blog SNT - C\u00f4ng Ty TNHH Si\u00eau Nh\u1eadt Thanh - Sao Nhanh Th\u1ebf\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tín hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n hình, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf QAM truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i và yêu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i biên \u0111\u1ed9 tín hi\u1ec7u\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/snt.com.vn\/blog\/dieu-che-qam\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog SNT - 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