{"id":2202,"date":"2012-12-29T10:19:04","date_gmt":"2012-12-29T03:19:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/snt.com.vn\/blog\/?p=2202"},"modified":"2012-12-29T10:19:04","modified_gmt":"2012-12-29T03:19:04","slug":"can-b%e1%ba%a3n-v%e1%bb%81-h%e1%bb%87-th%e1%bb%91ng-m%e1%ba%a1ng-day","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snt.com.vn\/blog\/can-b%e1%ba%a3n-v%e1%bb%81-h%e1%bb%87-th%e1%bb%91ng-m%e1%ba%a1ng-day\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00ec trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 NAT c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a>, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ng\u1ea1i g\u00f5 l\u1ea1i chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 117.x.y.z:5000 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh l\u1ed7i g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u00f2n b\u0103n kho\u0103n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a NAT th\u00ec n\u00ean xem l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i ti\u1ebfp.<\/div>\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb home networking. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ed1n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ee1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 (subnet, netmask), PAT, c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 TCP\/UDP, VLAN..v.v.. ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Internet. M\u1ed9t tay t\u1ec9 ph\u00fa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i tr\u1ed9i s\u1eafm h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m router wifi \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean bi\u1ec7t th\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0i hecta c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee7 s\u00f3ng wifi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu n\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ea1ng (ISP), c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. V\u00ec v\u1eady cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1eafp t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i hay ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2y d\u1eabn<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


\n <\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ISP d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i thu\u00ea bao m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m DSL (ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ADSL & SDSL) th\u00ec l\u00e0 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, d\u00f9ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee5c, c\u00f2n m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1p quang d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1p quang. N\u00f3i chung, khi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u0111i d\u00e2y cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ISP. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm mua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch d\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i do ISP cung c\u1ea5p) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y ra c\u1eeda ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh, k\u1ebbo nh\u00e0 d\u00f9ng Internet truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh c\u00e1p m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9t l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n.<\/p>\n


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Trong ph\u1ea1m vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng LAN c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf n\u00f3i chung, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p xo\u1eafn Ethernet (Twisted Pair Cable). Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng\u2026ch\u1eb3ng sao, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ea1ng trong nh\u00e0, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i RJ145 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p xo\u1eafn Ethernet v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u RJ11 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u1ed5ng DSL tr\u00ean modem. RJ11 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt d\u00e2y h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n


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\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p xo\u1eafn Ethernet, hay g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n d\u00e3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2y LAN, ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p sau:<\/p>\n

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) vs Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1p xo\u1eafn Ethernet c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb 8 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xo\u1eafn v\u00e0o v\u1edbi nhau theo t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 4 c\u1eb7p d\u00e2y. Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u (STP) ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c l\u1edbp cao su b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed7i s\u1ee3i ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u tr\u00ean t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p d\u00e2y n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, c\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecdc (UTP) d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, STP n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 STP \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n, n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, k\u00e9m linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm mua h\u01a1n..v.v..<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n
C\u00e1p STP.<\/em><\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng chi c\u1ea7n c\u1eafm d\u00e2y UTP v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i v\u1ee9t l\u0103n l\u00f3c tr\u00ean s\u00e0n ng\u1ed3i l\u01b0\u1edbt web, c\u00f9ng l\u1eafm th\u00ec nh\u00e9t v\u00e0o g\u00f3c t\u01b0\u1eddng (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i do UTP r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c). Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quan, n\u1ebfu l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2y ra ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n qua kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u01a1i xa, ho\u1eb7c \u0111i d\u00e2y g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 STP s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n thua tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n


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L\u00f5i \u0111\u1eb7c (solid) ho\u1eb7c L\u00f5i b\u1ec7n (stranded)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t theo c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p. D\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f5i \u0111\u1eb7c, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i, c\u00f2n d\u00e2y l\u00f5i b\u1ec7n do nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee3i con t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i chung, d\u00e2y l\u00f5i \u0111\u1eb7c tuy gi\u00fap truy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t k\u00e9m linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb g\u1ea5p kh\u00fac qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Tuy v\u1eady nh\u1edd gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb & d\u1ec5 thao t\u00e1c b\u1ea5m c\u00e1p h\u01a1n n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u201c\u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p\u201d d\u00e2y m\u1ea1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00e2y l\u00f5i b\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n
L\u00f5i \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/em><\/p>\n


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\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

L\u00f5i b\u1ec7n.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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C\u00e1p th\u1eb3ng (Straight-through cable) v\u00e0 C\u00e1p ch\u00e9o (Crossover cable)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u0110\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee9 mua d\u00e2y Ethernet v\u1ec1, n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n RJ45 theo \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. T\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i t\u1eeb 1>8 \u1edf 2 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1p Ethernet m\u00e0 s\u1ee3i c\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1ch nh\u1edb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a 2 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ta chia c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong nh\u00e0 th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m:
\n Nh\u00f3m 1: Router, PC, Server, lap\u2026
\n Nh\u00f3m 2: Switch, Hub v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/p>\n


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Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f9ng nh\u00f3m th\u00ec n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1p ch\u00e9o, kh\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1p th\u1eb3ng, v\u1eady th\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00fa modem. V\u1ed1n d\u0129 ra th\u00ec modem kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i router hay switch hay hub g\u00ec c\u1ea3, ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang (ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau). Nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ea1ng trong h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, th\u00e0nh ra c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t – \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng TQ c\u1ee9 th\u1ec3 th\u1eb3ng tay t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda NAT DHCP \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t router \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u0169 r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n th\u1ef1c ra l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ki\u1ec3u\u2026 switch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng cho oai, th\u00e0nh ra ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat khi c\u1eafm c\u00e1p, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfc c\u00e1p b\u00e1n k\u00e8m modem.
\n C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i c\u00e1p Ethernet, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1p th\u1eb3ng hay c\u00e1p ch\u00e9o t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5u n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u1ea1i b\u1ea5m c\u00e1p, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ra c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng mua t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1p ng\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1edd h\u1ecd b\u1ea5m cho m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i 1 2 s\u1ee3i. B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf v\u1eabn l\u1eb1ng nh\u1eb1ng? H\u00e3y y\u00ean t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Auto-MIDX gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p & lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch c\u1eafm th\u1eb3ng ch\u00e9o g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh ph\u00ed n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Auto-MIDX.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1p theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng t\u00ecm qua v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1p Ethernet tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i n\u00f3i t\u1edbi 5 6 hay t\u1eadn 7 chu\u1ea9n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1p xo\u1eafn Ethernet. N\u00f3i chung \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea5y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta. Hi\u1ec7n ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Cat 5: L\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 10 Mbps ho\u1eb7c 100 Mbps.
\n Cat 5e: N\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb Cat 5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 1000 Mbps.
\n Cat 6: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 10Gbs!!!!<\/em><\/div>\n
Ph\u00e2n chia th\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u1eady, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed sau Cat 6 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 6A, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n d\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng ADSL t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quanh qu\u1ea9n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m KBps? B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi ph\u1ea3i copy\/stream v\u00e0i tr\u0103m GB phim HD trong LAN? Router wifi nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u1ed5i wifi chu\u1ea9n N ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n AC m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t? Xin c\u1ee9 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y d\u00e2y Cat 5 cho thanh th\u1ea3n. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u1eb3n v\u00e0i m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m NAS trong nh\u00e0, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u00ean Cat 5e c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

Power over Ethernet (PoE)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Ethernet t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Power over Ethernet s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a 2 \u0111\u00f4i d\u00e2y d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng trong 4 \u0111\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p xo\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng (th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t chi 2 \u0111\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u) \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Chi\u1ec1u truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo nhu c\u1ea7u, t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t router wifi \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec7n, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi modem \u2013 r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 d\u00e2y r\u1ee3 trong ph\u00f2ng. Ho\u1eb7c khi \u0111em laptop \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng s\u1edf n\u00e0o c\u00f3 c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai PoE, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i mang theo adapter l\u1ec9nh k\u1ec9nh n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eafm d\u00e2y m\u1ea1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o (tuy n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i). V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a PoE l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tham gia ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi mu\u1ed1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m trong nh\u00e0, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

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\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

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N\u1ea1p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n <\/em><\/div>\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd: Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec trong m\u1ea1ng LAN, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p Ethernet quang, \u0111\u1ed3ng.. chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1p xo\u1eafn. Nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cb\u00ecnh d\u00e2n\u201d cho l\u1eafm.<\/em><\/p>\n


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Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


\n <\/strong>Sau khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y xong. Gi\u1edd l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u01b0u c\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.
\n Modem<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n

\n <\/strong><\/p>\n


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\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

Th\u1ef1c l\u00f2ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd modem ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf cu\u1ed1i danh s\u00e1ch, sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng do s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, modem (vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u1eeb modulator and demodulator) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (analog) c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i sang d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 (digital) \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u trang b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u201cmodem 3G\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi d\u00e2n d\u00e3 USB 3G. Modem ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 NAT, DHCP, Firewall, router ho\u1eb7c switch layer 3, c\u00f3 l\u00fac l\u00e0m lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 wireless Access Point. Nghe th\u00ec r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u00f3a th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi cao. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1eed k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i 4 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, tablet v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t modem ki\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1eeba n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111u\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu linksys \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ed9 kinh doanh c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1n cafe.<\/p>\n

Network Interface Card (NIC)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Network Interface (giao di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c. Hai thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ebd giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau th\u00f4ng qua 2 network interface c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\u00a0 Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n nghe n\u00f3i network interface l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00e0i m\u00e1y \u1ea3o Vmware hay Virtual Box h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ean c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng \u201cVmware Network Adapter 2\u201d b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ean d\u1ea1ng \u201cLocal Area Network\u201d hay \u201cWireless Area Adapter\u201d. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng \u201cVmware Network Adapter 2\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m do ch\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ecnh Vmware t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e1y \u1ea3o. C\u00f2n \u201cLocal Area Network\u201d hay \u201cWireless Area Adapter\u201d l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong m\u00e1y b\u1ea1n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng chi\u1ebfc card m\u1ea1ng (Network Interface Card- NIC) gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t c\u00e1u l\u00ean v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y m\u1ea1ng l\u1eb1ng nh\u1eb1ng, thao t\u00e1c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra khe c\u1eafm c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean mainboard, \u0111i mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc NIC wireless th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0i driver l\u00e0 PC v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng wireless ngon l\u00e0nh. C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a NIC l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m network interface, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi m\u00f2 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ean PC, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng hay m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1m c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb lu\u00f4n, m\u1ed7i network interface d\u00f9 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t IP.<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i qua trong b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tham gia m\u1ea1ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh IP \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ef1c ra n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eaft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o c\u00e1c NIC, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 laptop c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 2 NIC (1 cho m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 1 cho kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y) th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC. Laptop c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng MAC c\u1ee7a NIC wireless, c\u00f2n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng MAC c\u1ee7a NIC c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng, tablet d\u0129 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 1 MAC v\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u ra ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 nh\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u, ai l\u1ea1i c\u1eafm d\u00e2y m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0o tablet bao gi\u1edd?<\/p>\n


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\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

C\u0169ng v\u00ec vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a v\u00e2n tay v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y n\u00ean trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i MAC. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda ROM (Read-only memory – b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc) c\u1ee7a NIC ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i model, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201c\u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c MAC th\u1eadt \u2013 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3 do c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mang t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng MAC Cloning tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 modem\/router Linksys v\u00e0 TP-link.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 NIC th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c nh\u1edb c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1p th\u1eb3ng-ch\u00e9o c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa 2 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 NIC \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1p ch\u00e9o(router c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u NIC, m\u1ed7i NIC \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con), t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 NIC sang m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 NIC m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 hub,switch th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1p th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n


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<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em>Repeater, Hub v\u00e0 Switch<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n


\n <\/strong><\/p>\n


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\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111i tr\u00ean d\u00e2y s\u1ebd hao h\u1ee5t d\u1ea7n theo kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. D\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 khai nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Repeater l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 2 c\u1ed5ng, 1 c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eafm d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (\u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu) v\u00e0o, 1 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eafm d\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c repeater ti\u1ebfp th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) \u0111i ti\u1ebfp, nh\u1edd v\u1eady truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i xa h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y \u201cx\u1ecbn\u201d nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n


<\/p>\n

Hub c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t repeater nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o tr\u00ean 1 c\u1ed5ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y ra tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, v\u1eady th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1eedi, nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 hub c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng repeater ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1ea1p th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00ed. V\u00ec v\u1eady khi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1ng c\u00f9ng g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (packet collision) , hub \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac c\u00f2n g\u00e2y gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u0103ng. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, repeater gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 A \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec3 B nhanh h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n hub? M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a A,B,C,D; n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 A ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 B, C, D. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong b\u1ec3 B v\u00e0 C c\u0169ng \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y b\u01a1m? \u0110\u00e2m nhau l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1eafc! C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng packet collision c\u1ee7a hub h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n mua t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thay switch do hub r\u1ebb h\u01a1n, c\u00f2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd gi\u00e1 switch r\u1ebb nh\u01b0 b\u00e8o th\u00ec hub h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eafc ngo\u1ea3i, h\u1ecda ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 repeater l\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 n\u01a1i d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n
Switch 8 port ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Dlink.<\/em><\/div>\n
\n


<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn qua, switch c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng hub, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u0103ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng con. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 switch c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1eedi \u0111i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai thao t\u00e1c: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 h\u01a1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p giao ti\u1ebfp trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd xung \u0111\u1ed9t) nh\u01b0 hub g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 half-duplex; c\u00f2n switch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf full-duplex, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 full-duplex, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o facebook, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn chuy\u1ec7n comment g\u1eedi l\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: \u201cchoowj l\u00e2 qa\u201d.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

Hai l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9y ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng. M\u1ed7i khi b\u1eadt switch l\u00ean, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u MAC c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u1ed5ng n\u00e0o n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 MAC n\u00e0o. Khi m\u1ed9t PC trong LAN mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i hai \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch: IP v\u00e0 MAC. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP th\u00ec d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 IP public c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u01b0, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft trong ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n MAC \u0111\u00edch? N\u1ebfu b\u00ean nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng LAN, MAC \u0111\u00edch d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 MAC c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 (n\u00f3i d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec l\u00e0 MAC c\u1ee7a NIC m\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi switch, k\u1ebbo sau n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ea7m v\u1edbi MAC c\u1ee7a card wifi). C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu b\u00ean nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m c\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng LAN, PC s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t MAC \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 MAC c\u1ee7a default gateway – th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 router, modem \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1edd router \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u201ct\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d ra Internet d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. M\u1ed9t switch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd c\u1ee9 d\u1ef1a theo MAC \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ra \u0111\u00fang c\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 xong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3u \u201cch\u1ecdc ph\u00e1\u201d ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay: ARP poisoning. Khi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t switch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c m\u00e1y trong m\u1ea1ng LAN s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111ang li\u00ean l\u1ea1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung gian n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ARP m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi MAC c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y c\u00f9ng LAN v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh v\u00ec th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3u khi anh h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m v\u1eeba ba hoa r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc Havard ra l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 x\u00f3m b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 tin s\u00e1i c\u1ed5 ngay r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu \u0111ang d\u00f9ng Windows, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt cmd l\u00ean g\u00f5 arp \u2013a \u0111\u1ec3 xem th\u1eed b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng tin IP-MAC c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00ecnh. D\u1ea1ng qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn MAC address c\u1ee7a IP 192.168.1.1 (default gateway ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t) trong b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba xem th\u00e0nh MAC c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 PC v\u00e0 switch c\u1ee9 h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Internet c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00fac n\u00e0y coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n c\u00f2n th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m th\u00ec ph\u1edfn ph\u01a1 xem tr\u1ed9m c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n g\u1eedi ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 tranh th\u1ee7 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ai tranh b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng li\u1ec1n l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng\u2026du h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu \u0111ang d\u00f9ng chung m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d – b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i MAC c\u1ee7a default gateway (ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 m\u1ea1ng c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t); n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb ch\u01a1i x\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n
Arp Table.<\/em><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i switch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n (unmanaged) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trung gian n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u2026 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c switch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi PC, laptop n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 NIC, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 MAC hay IP ri\u00eang. V\u00ec v\u1eady ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 MAC \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i d\u00e2y cho \u0111\u00fang (n\u1ebfu switch kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Auto-MIDX), ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh g\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho switch c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0o switch, \u00edt th\u00ec 1 ch\u00fa m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm th\u00ec 3 “ch\u00fa” – t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c chia c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00e0nh 3 m\u1ea1ng con, m\u1ed7i switch nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng n\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 default gateway ra Internet (router\/modem trong nh\u00e0) l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n xong vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m switch.
\n
\n – L\u01b0u \u00fd 1: Bridge c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC nh\u01b0 switch, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u1ed5ng h\u01a1n. Trong khi switch ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i (laptop, PC, server) v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng con th\u00ec bridge ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i 2 m\u1ea1ng con v\u00e0o v\u1edbi nhau. V\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng lu\u00f4n c\u00e1c router c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/em><\/div>\n

\n – L\u01b0u \u00fd 2: C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i switch c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng t\u1edbi IP th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 switch layer 3, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 h\u01a1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng IP th\u00ec n\u00ean d\u00f9ng router v\u1eabn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n


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<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Bonus: Nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a switch, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp link\u00a0n\u00e0y<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 xem th\u00eam.<\/em><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Router<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Internet, th\u00ec c\u00e1c router l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed7i m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u00f3 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 xong ch\u01b0a? D\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1eedi t\u1eeb m\u00e1y A \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y B, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 g\u1eedi t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 anh A \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u00f4 B, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i? Switch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea1ng con, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft xem xem MAC \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi n\u00f3 (ho\u1eb7c c\u00f9ng l\u1eafm l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch 1 2 con switch, bridge ph\u1ee5) kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9y ra c\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eeba ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng (flooding), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00ed n\u1ebfu \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n, h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn router \u2013 c\u00e1c b\u01b0u c\u1ee5c. Tr\u00ean router s\u1ebd l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP (xong vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi switch t\u1ea1m coi nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 xong vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi MAC), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng LAN d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng WAN \u0111\u1ec3 khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua router, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t router kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng tin h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch th\u00ec ch\u00ed \u00edt c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn router n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3\u2026. h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp. C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1edd b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i chuy\u1ec3n th\u01b0 sang M\u1ef9, tuy kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf M\u1ef9 nh\u01b0ng b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n HN s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 sang c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0a th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1eady. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c router k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o v\u1edbi nhau s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n).<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

Trong ph\u1ea1m vi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n 1 modem ki\u00eam router, c\u00f9ng l\u1eafm th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00eam 1 router wifi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 LAN-WAN \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00ec v\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c do ktv c\u1ee7a ISP l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n\u2013 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y PC, laptop c\u0169ng s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t default gateway l\u00e0 router \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn (t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng), b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, v\u1ec1 subnet, netmask v\u00e0 wildcard mask, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 home networking, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft h\u00e3y b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t router \u201cch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng\u201d, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t modem t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng WAN, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho NIC ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ra m\u1ea1ng Internet, \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 NIC mang IP public c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ed1n c\u1ed5ng LAN n\u00e0y n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o PC, laptop ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c switch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng con t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c router hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00ec b\u1ed1n c\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c chung m\u1ed9t Ethernet NIC ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00e1y trong m\u1ea1ng LAN. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng bao nhi\u00eau con switch th\u00ec d\u00f9ng, n\u1ed1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u1ed1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch ng\u1ee3m subnet th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ngh\u1ecbch, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y trong m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 chung default gateway l\u00e0 NIC ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch LAN \u0111\u00f3 (V\u1edbi IP m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 192.168.1.1). T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng router c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 2 NIC v\u00e0 2 IP, m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ra Internet s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua 2 anh n\u00e0y, 1 trong hai anh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00f3 4 c\u1ed5ng LAN b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i\u2026 thay router m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u00e1o l\u1eafp NIC tr\u00ean c\u00e1c router d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i router chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng hay doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn th\u00ec m\u1ed7i port t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t NIC, c\u00f3 IP, MAC ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng LAN ri\u00eang r\u1ebd (ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u NIC m\u1ed7i NIC ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0i port). Nghe th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u00ec h\u1ecfng m\u1ed9t NIC kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecfng h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c kha kh\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c router b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (n\u00f3i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 repeater: 1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra 1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ra l\u00e0 xong, mu\u1ed1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).\u00a0
\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u home networking hay kinh doanh c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh 2 NIC n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng WAN n\u1eefa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00eam 1 NIC gi\u00fap k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 2 nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Draytek . C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n kha kh\u00e1 (th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi m\u1ea5y ch\u00fa router wifi h\u1ea1ng \u201csang\u201d c\u1ee7a linksys), nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i ch\u00fang \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc n\u1ebfu gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eb3ng may h\u00f4m n\u00e0o VNPT l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9t c\u00e1p bi\u1ec3n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n Viettel d\u00f9ng t\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n

\"C\u0103n<\/div>\n

C\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t sau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa modem ki\u00eam \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. C\u1ed5ng WAN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed5ng DSL (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i), c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u00ec l\u1edbn (1 NIC cho c\u1ed5ng DSL v\u00e0 1 network interface chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong LAN g\u1ed3m 4 c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i sao s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng modem \u0111a n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Nh\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 2 PC 2 laptop, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 switch m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 modem m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng LAN v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa router “thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng” nh\u01b0 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean kia. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ra internet c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd d\u00e0i l\u00ea th\u00ea: c\u1eafm d\u00e2y DSL v\u00e0o modem, n\u1ed1i c\u1ed5ng LAN c\u1ee7a modem v\u00e0o c\u1ed5ng WAN c\u1ee7a router, n\u1ed1i h\u1ebft c\u00e1c m\u00e1y v\u00e0o router (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 wifi), \u0111\u1eb7t IP cho NIC LAN c\u1ee7a router v\u00e0 modem sao cho kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng nhau, c\u1ea3 NIC WAN c\u1ee7a router l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 NAT v\u00e0 DHCP tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u00e1y xem default gateway ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang ra modem ch\u01b0a, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a router \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra modem ch\u01b0a, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ADSL ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o giao di\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a modem ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i router, vv…<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V\u00e2ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn chia subnet g\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: trong h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t modem ki\u00eam router l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, c\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1y th\u00ec h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y switch, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i r\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec1u router v\u1ec1 cho o\u00e1ch (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c subnet ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng). C\u00f2n nh\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng router wifi? Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y.<\/div>\n
——————————————————————–<\/div>\n
C\u1ea3m \u01a1n s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,<\/div>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft t\u1eeb: genk.vn<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00ec trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 NAT c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11,1],"tags":[195,261,288,299],"yoast_head":"\nC\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y - Blog SNT - C\u00f4ng Ty TNHH Si\u00eau Nh\u1eadt Thanh - Sao Nhanh Th\u1ebf<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/snt.com.vn\/blog\/can-b\u1ea3n-v\u1ec1-h\u1ec7-th\u1ed1ng-m\u1ea1ng-day\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y - 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